Perhaps the most defining moment of Hayes’s presidency during this first six months in office was marked by the end of Reconstructions. Acknowledging the need for healing and unity, Hayes withdrew federal troops from the South, effectively bringing an end to the era of military occupation. This decision allowed Southern states to regain control over their governments, a period of time that is still debated to this day as to whether Hayes acted too quickly or not.
Hayes was a strong advocate for civil service reform. He wanted to eliminate corruption and patronage within the government. In his first six months, he established the Civil Service Commission, which aimed to implement merit-based appointments and competitive examinations for government positions. Hayes' efforts laid the foundation for the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which would be enacted several years later.
Faced with economic challenges, including the aftermath of the Panic of 1873, a severe financial crisis, Hayes’s administration took measures to restore economic stability and rebuild public trust. Hayes promoted fiscal responsibility, advocated for currency reform, and pursued policies aimed at reviving the nation's struggling economy. These initial steps set up the groundwork for future economic growth.
Education held a special place in the Hayes's administration. During his early months in office, he advocated for educational opportunities for all Americans. He called for increased federal funding for public schools and emphasized the importance of education in creating a more prosperous and equal society. Additionally, Hayes sought to improve the rights of Native Americans, proposing policies to protect their land and culture. This may have been one of the first, true steps to help Native Americans.
Hayes remained committed to civil rights for African Americans. He spoke out against racial discrimination and appointed individuals who advocated for equal rights to key positions in his administration. Despite his attempts, many still see the withdrawal of troops from the south and the end of Reconstruction as a mistake that would affect the country into the next century.
Hayes' presidency saw notable diplomatic achievements, particularly in addressing strained international relations. He pursued negotiations with Great Britain over the contentious issue of fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland, eventually leading to the signing of the Treaty of Washington in 1877. Furthermore, his administration initiated discussions with China, resulting in the modification of the Burlingame Treaty to strengthen diplomatic ties between the two nations.
The first six months of Rutherford B. Hayes' presidency were marked by a series of significant achievements and initiatives that aimed to heal the nation, promote reform, and foster progress. From the resolution of Reconstruction to civil service reform and diplomatic successes, Hayes demonstrated his commitment to reconciliation, economic stability, and equal rights for all Americans. Although his presidency faced numerous challenges, these early accomplishments laid the groundwork for a transformative era in American history.
